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AnalysisAustraliaWorld

Mishandled antisemitism education is not just ineffective, it’s dangerous

Too much focus on the Holocaust, failure to address the Jewish connection with Israel, and a lack of teacher training damage attempts to prevent antisemitism through education.
Michael Visontay
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Blackboard with a hand writing in chalk the words antisemitism, Israel, Holocaust, Zionism, history, culture, religion, bullying

Antisemitism education needs to cover a broad range of issues, not just Holocaust (TJI)

Published: 11 December 2025

Last updated: 12 December 2025

Everyone accepts that education is needed to combat the wave of antisemitism that has erupted since October 7 and the war in Gaza. But agreeing about what should be included in an education program is much more elusive.

The ASECA report by Jillian Segal stressed the centrality of the Holocaust. “A relatively consistent national approach to antisemitism education, including an understanding of the Holocaust as a major case study of where unchecked antisemitism can lead, should be adopted across all schools,” Segal wrote. 

But the experience of the past two years and the results of the Crossroads25 survey on Australian attitudes to Jews and Israel have highlighted the need for a more nuanced approach than Segal’s emphasis, to address the diverse and often paradoxical factors that shape antisemitism.

These include the resistance of left-wing antisemitism to education, the long-term history of Israel’s connection to the land, and the need to train teachers better to ensure complex messages are not subverted.

Mishandled education, particularly focused on the Holocaust, can backfire. The judge in the Brighton Secondary College case found teaching a Holocaust text had led to increased antisemitism at the school. A study released this week found more than 30 antisemitic incidents in 2024 in Victorian schools.

Educational level more effective against right-wing antisemitism

A higher level of educational attainment is protective against right-wing antisemitism but not left-wing antisemitism. This was the surprising finding of an academic study of changes in Italian university undergraduates’ attitudes towards Jews and Muslims after October 7.

“The study found that the more educated a person is, the less they show right-wing antisemitism,” Suzanne Rutland, professor emerita from the University of Sydney, told The Jewish Independent. “But this doesn’t apply to left-wing antisemitism. In Holocaust education with the left, you get Holocaust inversion - Jews are the new Nazis.”

During and after the teaching, many more swastikas, Nazi comments and salutes, and increased generalised racial hatred and vilification, was manifest at the school

Justice Mortimer on Brighton Secondary College teaching a Holocaust text

In relation to right-wing antisemitism, “support for statements incorporating negative judgements… decreases as the level of educational attainment and commitment to knowledge in general increases,” the study, led by Asher Colombo, found in a paper published in the Contemporary Jewry journal in November 2024.

This was measured by high school graduation grade and the number of non-school books read, they said. “Learning appears to be a shield against some unfavourable attitudes.”

By contrast, adherence to left-wing views “does not seem to be influenced by the number of books read,” it concluded. “The idea that Jews have turned from victims into aggressors [creating a parallel between Israel and Nazi Germany] appears to be more common among strong than among weak readers, or non-readers altogether. Hence, the level of adherence to this statement increases rather than decreases with the number of books read”. This was unlike what happens for right-wing views, the researchers said.

“This suggests that some component of this dimension is particularly resilient to the circulation of knowledge outside the school environment.”

At the heart of the view about Jews having turned into aggressors is the left-wing narrative of Israel being a colonial settler state, says Professor Rutland.

“The post-colonial narrative for Israel is the most destructive narrative, because if Jews are colonialists, we can return to our home country, like the British, the French, the Dutch, even the Germans did,” Rutland says. “But Jews don’t have a home country to return to.”

This ideology holds that Zionism is a political movement not a nationalist one, she adds, “and a political party can be closed down. The Left wants to close down a whole state.”

Rutland says antisemitism education needs to teach how incorrect that is. “Israel-Palestine is a conflict between two nationalisms. It has nothing to do with settler colonialism. More than half of Israel's population comes from Middle East.”

Education about Israel

Antisemitism education should include teaching about Zionism, but not just modern Zionism, says Rutland. “We should be teaching that there were always Jews. There has never been a period of history, for 3000 years, where there have not been some Hebrews, Israelites, as they were initially called, in the land of Israel.’

The word Hebrew originally referred to people, not the language,” she says. “That only changed in the 20th century. Every Jewish congregation formed in Australia was a ‘Hebrew congregation’. The Hebrews were ‘the children of Israel’. Israel has been central to Jewish identity for over 3000 years. That's what we need to teach. The first Zionist thinkers were rabbis.”

Holocaust education can be counterproductive

If Holocaust education is done badly, it can be “totally counterproductive,” says Rutland. The Segerstedt Institute at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden investigated educational strategies and students’ understanding of the Holocaust during a study trip to memorial sites and found that the overwhelming focus was on the universal message of the Holocaust and that antisemitism got lost.

In a paper titled When Antisemitism is left out, published in May 2024, the authors said the teaching strategy was to make it easier for students to absorb what they saw by minimising the historical context and specificity. “Therefore, the universal concept of the Holocaust was articulated so that the historical event could be presented as a result of general racism.”

The most problematic issue from an educational perspective, the study found, was that students accepted the teachers’ strategy of framing the Holocaust as inexplicable, by focussing on the victims’ suffering, the continuity of racism and Hitler’s will as the single causal factor of the Holocaust.

“This made antisemitism irrelevant. Therefore, it was left out,” they wrote in a conclusion that echoed the findings of a larger Swedish systemic overview of Holocaust education in 2021.

A striking example of this failure in Australia occurred at Melbourne’s Brighton Secondary College, which was sued by five students over antisemitic bullying in 2023.  

Justice Debbie Mortimer found the school had failed to protect students from antisemitism.

The school had taught Maus, by Art Spiegelman, a graphic novel about the Holocaust, which depicts Nazis as cats, and Jews as mice.

While the school had developed a comprehensive PowerPoint presentation for teaching the book, “the word antisemitism appeared just once, but not as part as of the text. It was on one of the images,” says Rutland, who wrote an expert opinion on the way it was taught.

“The whole focus was on human rights, on anti-racism messages - and the Jews got lost.”

The school’s approach to teaching the Holocaust was “negligent,” Justice Mortimer wrote. “During and after the teaching, many more swastikas, Nazi comments and salutes, and increased generalised racial hatred and vilification, was manifest at the school."

Teachers need teaching

The Brighton case also highlights the need for systemic professional development for teachers regarding Holocaust education.

Justice Mortimer noted that teaching Maus in English class “opened up a whole new chapter for antisemitic jokes. “Students would also openly laugh and make jokes of events from the book. There was a chapter in the book where Jewish infants were being swung by their feet into walls to their death. Students laughed at that aspect of the book and similar (for instance laughing at gassing, burning, and other forms of brutal actions).

She added that “no-one was told off, punished or lectured that laughing at Jewish children’s’ heads being smashed on walls to death was wrong”.

Rutland said that Holocaust and antisemitism education programs that are not accompanied by appropriate development for teachers could go terribly wrong.

“Without professional development, it's a disaster. We make Holocaust education mandatory but it’s not mandatory for history teachers to do something on the Holocaust in their Master of Teaching courses.

“How can you teach something as mandatory without having proper professional development for it, particularly when it's such a difficult subject to teach?”

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Comments3

  • Avatar of David Steinberg

    David Steinberg12 December at 07:20 am

    Wesley, this argument is a re-packaging of the old Khazar thesis: that Ashkenazi Jews are essentially converts who wandered in via trade routes rather than a continuous Jewish population.

    The claim isn’t new, and it isn’t daring. It’s been examined and repeatedly dismantled. Large-scale population genetics — most notably Behar et al., Nature (2010), among many others — show Ashkenazi Jews clustering tightly with other Jewish and Levantine populations. There is admixture, as with any long-lived diaspora, but the continuity is clear.

    So this isn’t brave revisionism or suppressed truth. It’s a recycled trope, now dressed up in postgraduate language. The content hasn’t changed — only the tone.

  • Avatar of Ian Light

    Ian Light11 December at 08:59 pm

    There are barbarians at every gate .
    Education alone does not shift barbarian genocide psychopaths .
    Many Nazis had university degrees including the sadistic Nazi doctors .

  • Avatar of Wesley Parish

    Wesley Parish11 December at 07:36 am

    Several questions crowd my mind: 1) I’m majority English descent. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes left the area from South Jylland to North Holland for England/lowland Scotland less than 2000 years ago. Does that grant me the right to move to that area and ethnically cleanse the people living there? 2) The Roman Empire couldn’t afford to exile everybody in Judaea, Samaria, Galilee – empires require taxes, and a depopulated province threatens imperial bankruptcy. So the Palestinians are the descendants of the 0CE-0BCE Jews. I figure they converted after the disasters of the Revolts and the crusades. 3) The majority of the world’s longest-standing Jewish communities are along the nodes of major trading routes, so they are the descendants of converts and their teachers. Putting this in Christian or Muslim or Buddhist or Hindu contexts, makes the world weird – if I become a Hare Krishna, does that entitle me to “return” to India? And as far as victims turning into aggressors, the world is full of examples. The Third Reich was founded on the claim that the German Empire was a victim of other European powers.