Published: 9 January 2025
Last updated: 10 January 2025
How is it possible that the world’s most consumed and admired writer, whose works encompass the human condition like no other, also created the antisemitic character named Shylock - a Jew who oozes greed and deceit, scheming murder and revenge, his soul deformed and heartless?
The Shakespeare scholar Harold Bloom concedes that “one would have to be deaf dumb and blind not to see the play is fundamentally antisemitic”, but argues that, despite the antisemitism of his time, Shakespeare’s irrepressible dramatic instincts have endowed Shylock with at least some noble qualities, and for this the author should be given credit.
Who is Shylock and do we really know him? We know the context in which the play was written; the widespread antisemitism and the brutal state censorship. Which raises a crucial question - was Shakespeare free to write what he wanted to?
If the effect of censorship had been considered by Harold Bloom or any others among the multitudes of Shakespeare experts, they would have found that Shakespeare was not an antisemite, but that he was forced to disguise Shylock’s real character to avoid the same fate as other writers of the time. Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, Thomas Kyd, Thomas Nashe and Robert Green were each imprisoned, tortured or died for various violations of the censor's rules. The dots join themselves. Shakespeare could not openly portray Shylock as a Jewish hero defending his nation’s dignity because the censors would have taken this as a heretical and seditious threat to the existing order, punishable by death.
Comments1
Ian Grinblat19 January at 05:25 am
John,
Your spirited and intricate defence of Shakespeare has put me in mind of the (very) light rom-com “He’s Just Not That Into You” which dealt with the commonplace but viciously false reassurance to girls and young women that any man who displays antagonism towards them “really likes you”.
Shakespeare was a man of his times. He had far too much to lose and nothing whatsoever to gain by offering a critique of Elizabehtan justice by reopening the Lopes affair. Lopes was accused by a man hopeful of winning the Queen’s favour and didn’t care who he damaged along the way. This is the same Tudor society which saw Boleyn place his daughter as a temptation before the king and when that ploy failed, had him witness her execution.
Nothing complex.
The people of Shakespeare’s time were motivated by Christian antisemitism (a remarkably long-lived hatred which continues to echo with no sign of of attenuation) and incommon with all human beings through the ages, self-righteousness.
All we can say with certainty is that Shakespeare (or whoever) was an astute observer of people and power.