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HomeRead, Watch, ListenArts & Culture
NewsArts & Culture

Australian gallery returns Nazi-looted artwork to Jewish family

The Gallery's decision, triggered by new evidence confirming the dates of the German family’s ownership, brings to an end a 20-year battle for restitution.
Michael Visontay
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nazi looted art

Background: Nazi-looted art gathered at the allied Central Collecting Point for repatriation after the war (Johannes Felbermeyer/ Jewish Museum) Foreground: Lady with a Fan by Gerard ter Borch, will be returned to descendants of the family forced to sell it.

Published: 16 October 2025

Last updated: 29 October 2025

In a major reversal, the National Gallery of Victoria has returned a Nazi-looted painting to a German Jewish family which has been campaigning for 20 years to reclaim the artwork from the Gallery.

After two decades of rejecting the claim, the NGV has now returned Lady with a Fan, by the 17th century Dutch master Gerard ter Borch, to the descendants of Henry and Bertha Bromberg. The decision came after the gallery received several new pieces of evidence that the painting rightfully belonged to the family.

“After thoroughly assessing the painting's background and origins, the NGV determined that the work had been owned by Dr Henry Bromberg and was subject to a forced sale in the late 1930s, and that the heirs of Dr Bromberg were the rightful owners of the painting,” the Gallery told The Jewish Independent.

“The painting was subsequently deaccessioned from the NGV Collection in 2025 and returned to the Bromberg family.”

The Gallery did not say when it returned the painting, and said it could not give any further details about the new evidence, who provided it, or when it was received.

This is only the second time an Australia museum has restituted a piece from the Nazi era

Jason Schulman, Nazi-looted art expert

“The documentation confirms that it’s clearly theirs and it’s clearly stolen,” a person familiar with the claim told TJI. The [new evidence] relates to documentation between when the gallery got the painting and when the family could prove it was their painting,”

The return of a Nazi-looted artwork in Australia is “rare and quite significant,” according to Jason Schulman, an American Fulbright Scholar who is researching Nazi looted art in Australia. “This is only the second time an Australia museum has restituted a piece from the Nazi era. 

The Jewish Independent

“The first was Head of a Man in 2014. Both times it was the NGV,” said Schulman, a lecturer in history at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York.

Lady With a Fan had been part of a set of art collections amassed by Max Emden, a department store magnate and philanthropist from Hamburg who left Germany in the 1920s, and his cousin, Henry Bromberg. Henry, who had served as a judge in Hamburg, fled Germany for the US with wife Bertha just before the war. When the Nazis came to power in the 1930s, they seized or sold off the collections of both families.

Dispute between families

TJI understands that the NGV had been in discussions with lawyers from the Emdens and the Brombergs, which were at odds over which side of the family the painting should be returned to. Their disagreement, which has now been resolved, delayed the process of returning the painting.

Olaf Sossmann, lawyer for the Emden family
Olaf Sossmann, lawyer for the Emden family

Olaf Ossmann, a Swiss lawyer who represented the Emden family in its effort to reclaim the painting, told The Jewish Independent that the painting was now back with the Bromberg family. He said the family did not wish to comment on the Gallery’s decision.

The campaign to reclaim Lady With a Fan has a long and complicated history. In the early 2000s, Emden’s grandson Juan Carlos Emden received a tip off in the US that it belonged to his grandfather, the Australian reported in 2022.

When Carlos Emden checked the NGV’s records, it listed the owner as Bromberg. But the NGV rejected the family’s claim on the grounds that it did not prove Lady with a Fan had been loot or part of a forced sale by the Nazis.

The NGV had maintained that Max Emden had sold his painting under the strain of Germany’s hyperinflation and depression, not because of the Third Reich. The Gallery said at the time that the painting’s provenance would not be amended until it could be proven otherwise through documentary evidence.

Jason Schulman said the first sign of a new development came when he noticed that the painting had been taken off the NGV’s website.

He says the door to the potential return of the painting had been opened two decades ago by the Emden family. “The Emden family has been claiming the painting for 20 years. But it's quite clear from archival sources that the painting really belonged to their cousins, the Brombergs,” he says.

“It was only a matter of time until the Brombergs made a claim. Once the painting was removed from the website, it was obvious something was about to happen.

The painting’s return has now been noted on the authoritative Lost Art database. “Return to the heirs of Henry Bromberg, 2025. Status: restituted,” the website says.

Other potential cases

Schulman says there may be other similar cases still to be dealt with in Australia. “I've spoken to several people who've worked in the global art restitution space for 20-plus years. They say it's statistically impossible these are the only two cases in Australia.

“From my research, there are two other paintings I'm most concerned about. If I had to guess, I'd say there's a 40% chance there is another such painting in an Australian museum. If we include what's on people's walls or in their storage, that number goes up. But those cases are much harder to find.”

The French government hands over a looted painting to the Bromberg family in Paris in 2018 (Alain Jocard/AFP via Getty Images)
The French government hands over a looted painting to the Bromberg family in Paris in 2018 (Alain Jocard/AFP via Getty Images)

The Emden-Bromberg families have also mounted restitution campaigns across Europe and the US, one of which saw the Emden family reclaim two pictures by the 18th-century Italian master Bernardo Bellotto that had been obtained for Hitler’s personal collection and recovered by the Allies from an Austrian salt mine at the end of the war.

In 2016 and 2018 the French Ministry of Culture returned two paintings to the Brombergs’ grandchildren in public handover ceremonies, and last year the Allentown Art Museum in Pennsylvania handed over another Flemish artwork.

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About the author

Michael Visontay

Michael Visontay

Michael Visontay is Commissioning Editor of TJI and was Editor-in-Chief from 2017-22. Michael is a former Assistant Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald and columnist with The Australian Jewish News. He has written six books, including Who Gave You Permission? with Manny Waks, and Welcome to Wanderland: Western Sydney Wanderers and the Pride of the West. His most recent book is Noble Fragments: the Maverick who broke up the world's greatest book (Scribe, 2024).

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Comments1

  • Avatar of Liliya Likhtman

    Liliya Likhtman16 October at 10:06 pm

    Instriting, I didn’t know this, Thanks,