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Royal CommissionNewsAustralia

Commissioner begins antisemitism inquiry by ensuring shooter trial uncompromised

Commissoner Virginia Bell clarified the main focus of her inquiry and explained the limitations around Bondi massacre evidence.
Michael Visontay
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Commissioner Virginia Bell on Tuesday (courtesy Royal Commission)

Published: 26 February 2026

Last updated: 6 May 2026

The head of the Royal Commission into Antisemitism and Social Cohesion, Virginia Bell, met informally with relatives of those who lost their lives and others directly affected by the Bondi Beach massacre to explain why they would not be able to give evidence to the Commission.

The Commission must not compromise the forthcoming trial of the surviving shooter, Naveed Akram, Bell said in her opening remarks on Tuesday, adding that today’s meeting would allow her to “explain the limitations on the approach the Commission can take to leading evidence.

“This commission must do its work without risking any prejudice to that criminal proceeding,” Bell said. “Leading evidence at this commission from people who may be witnesses in the criminal proceeding would create that risk and, for that reason, it will not occur.”

Bell’s opening remarks, delivered to a packed court room in Sydney, outlined the Commission’s three primary terms of reference.

The first “requires the Commission to investigate the nature and prevalence of antisemitism in institutions and society by examining its key drivers in Australia, including religious and ideologically motivated extremism and radicalisation. The Commission is to report on the ways in which governments can respond to antisemitism”.

The second “requires it to make recommendations to assist law enforcement, border control, immigration and security agencies to tackle antisemitism,” and as part of this “the Commission will review protective security for Jewish places of worship, major sites, educational and cultural facilities, public events and community leaders”.

The third “requires the Commission to examine the interaction and information sharing between Commonwealth, State and Territory agencies and between those agencies and the organisers of the Hanukkah event”.

There is also a fourth term of reference “allied to the first”, Commissioner Bell added, “which permits me to make other recommendations arising out of the inquiry that would contribute to strengthening social cohesion and countering the spread of ideologically and religiously motivated extremism”.

The Commission will deliver an interim report that focuses on this third term of reference by April 30, and a full report by December 14, the anniversary of the atrocity, which saw 15 people shot dead and 40 others wounded.

Primary focus is on antisemitism

The Royal Commission’s double-barrelled title, together with the fourth term of reference, had prompted some to suggest that the inquiry should also investigate other forms of discrimination, such as against Muslims and Indigenous people.

However, Bell made it clear that the overwhelming focus would be on antisemitism: “Against the background of the massacre of innocent people who appear to have been targeted simply because they were Jewish, I trust everyone will appreciate why the focus of this Commission will be on tackling antisemitism as a starting point in strengthening our bonds of social cohesion,” she said.

In this context, she said the commission would be using the IHRA working definition of antisemitism as its starting point, saying that it has been adopted “by many liberal democracies” as well as Australia. “The definition itself is uncontroversial,” she said. It provides: "Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews which may be expressed as a hatred towards Jews.”

She noted that the definition is accompanied by 11 examples of conduct which could amount to antisemitism. “At least two of the examples are controversial and have led some critics to argue that the IHRA working definition wrongly labels as antisemitic the expression of political views which do not reflect a hatred of Jews.”

But she discounted the alleged risks they posed. “My current view is that these concerns pay insufficient regard to the terms of the definition itself and they're apt to overlook the requirement to take account of the overall context in which conduct occurs before making any determination that the conduct is antisemitic.”

Bell also articulated her view about to what extent criticism of the Israeli government could be seen as antisemitic. “I should note that it is uncontroversial that criticism of the policies that may be pursued by the government of Israel from time to time is not, of itself, antisemitic.”

Apart from this one reference, there was no mention of Israel, Gaza, Palestinian or Muslim in Bell’s remarks. These subjects have been constant denominators of the climate of division since October 7 2023, and will almost certainly be raised by various groups as evidence is heard and submissions delivered. However, by omitting any specific reference to them, Bell seems to be suggesting that they will be best dealt with when they are mentioned.

Jewish advocacy submissions

Seven Jewish advocacy organisations will be represented at the Commission by the Melbourne law firm of Arnold Bloch Leibler.

The seven groups are the Executive Council of Australian Jewry (ECAJ), Zionist Federation of Australia (ZFA), Australia and Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC), NSW Board of Jewish Deputies (NSWJBD), Jewish Community Council of Victoria (JCCV), National Council of Jewish Women Australia (NCJWA), and the Dor Foundation (Dor).

Other organisations are expected to give evidence and both the far-right Australian Jewish Association (AJA) and the far-left Jewish Council of Australia have indicated their interest in advancing their own agendas.

No dates have yet been given for the start of hearing evidence.

READ MORE

Transcript of Commissioner Bell’s opening remarks (Royal Commission into Antisemitism and Social Cohesion)

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About the author

Michael Visontay

Michael Visontay

Michael Visontay is Commissioning Editor of TJI and was Editor-in-Chief from 2017-22. Michael is a former Assistant Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald and columnist with The Australian Jewish News. He has written six books, including Who Gave You Permission? with Manny Waks, and Welcome to Wanderland: Western Sydney Wanderers and the Pride of the West. His most recent book is Noble Fragments: the Maverick who broke up the world's greatest book (Scribe, 2024).

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