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Opinion

Play’s focus on victimhood challenges our relationship to the past

Deborah Stone
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Published: 30 April 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2024

DEBORAH STONE: Joanna Murray-Smith’s drama, Berlin, now playing in Melbourne, reminds us we are shaped by the past but not defined by it

AS THE CURTAIN RISES on Joanna Murray-Smith’s play Berlin, a free-spirited young German woman is flirting with an Australian tourist in the edgy contemporary city.

But the dark history of the place is never far away. Before long, his Jewish heritage is revealed, and their respective inheritances cannot be avoided. Neither character is old enough to have any personal involvement in the events of the Holocaust - there can be no personal guilt or grief - but the legacies of the city weigh heavy.

The tension of Berlin develops as Charlotte rejects Tom’s sense of victimhood and denies that as a young German woman, she has any responsibility for events that happened two generations before she was born.

Berlin, which premiered last week at the Melbourne Theatre Company, is a powerful play well worth seeing, but it has challenging moments for Jewish audiences.

Murray-Smith bravely puts into the mouth of her German character a sentiment that is uncomfortable for Jews to hear but which is often said behind our backs: that Jews hold their griefs too tightly and “play the victim card” too often, that we refuse to move on and dwell unproductively on a negative past.

The play asks whether the right to reparation, or even to a sense of injury, should survive into the third and fourth generation.  More broadly it demands we consider our responsibility for that which we inherit.

No topic is more deeply Jewish than our relationship to the past. Jewish culture can be defined by our sense of history – the drive to remember and connect with the past is more universally Jewish than any belief, ritual, or cultural artefact.

Deep in that practice of memory is the sense of ourselves as victims.  “For not only one has risen up against us to destroy us, but in every generation, they rise up to destroy us” is a refrain we hear not only in the Haggadah but also in the vernacular of Jewish education, community advocacy and Israel fundraising.

We are a people who still fast and sit on the floor because of an expulsion that happened more than 2,000 years ago. We are hardly likely to be ready to let go of a trauma that happened to our grandparents.

Seeing ourselves as innately formed by and connected to the past, and that accepting inheritance comes with an obligation to continue a chain of tradition is an inherently conservative way of life. Just as a European aristocrat inherits land and houses which need to be tended and passed down, we inherit stories that require the same attention.

In a world of secular individualism, a sense of trans-generational obligation is increasingly an anomaly.

I remember telling a non-Jewish friend about the Ashkenazi Jewish practice of naming our children in honour of a dead relative. He almost shuddered. “What a burden to put on a newborn!” he exclaimed.

We don’t see it that way, of course. I am enriched by my sense of connection with the great-grandmother for whom I was named, and I made my father live a little more when I gave his name to my son.

Fascinatingly, recent science has uncovered objective evidence of the way in which we are formed by the experiences of previous generations. The developing science of epigenetics shows that trauma can be passed down from the individual who experiences it to subsequent generations, through genes that are activated or deactivated, not only in the parents but also in their children.

It is no coincidence that landmark studies in the field of epigenetics were based on the children of Holocaust survivors.  Work by Rachel Yehuda et al, published as recently as 2016, analysed the genes of 32 Holocaust survivors and those of their children and found the children had distinctive genetic predispositions to stress disorders inherited from the survivor parent.

The stress level of the child was not simply a result of growing up with a traumatised parent but also a physical inheritance from the parent’s traumatised body.

This is early work, and its implications more broadly are yet to be fully teased out. But if it were to be applied across the entire Jewish community and multiplied across generations, the implications are stunning.

If the genetic changes we are now able to measure in the children of Holocaust survivors also occurred in the children of those who suffered in the East European pogroms, the expulsion from Spain and the Babylonian exile, could we as a community be carrying an attachment to past trauma that is buried deep in our bodies as well as our culture?

Might this explain that higher predisposition to depression observed in Jews, including those with no direct known family connection to trauma?

We do not and may never have the science to make such claims. But the science we do have is a confirmation that the past is present in us. We are formed by everything that has come before us and, though we do not need to be wholly defined by the past, we cannot escape its influence.

Such knowledge should confirm our attachment to our own history. It should also prompt us towards empathy for others who carry traumatic histories, among them the children of Palestinians whose lives were uprooted by the establishment of Israel and Aborigines carrying the trauma of colonisation.

We are all, in some measure, still living the past.

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About the author

Deborah Stone

Deborah Stone

Deborah Stone is Editor-in-Chief of TJI. She has more than 30 years experience as a journalist and editor, including as a reporter and feature writer on The Age and The Sunday Age, as Editor of the Australian Jewish News and as Editor of ArtsHub.

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