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Stars and Triangles: The Jewish architecture of queer liberation and its dismantling

Sydney Mardi Gras barred an anti-Zionist activist group from its 2026 parade for targeting Dayenu. It was the latest chapter in a global pattern: queer Jews expelled from spaces their people helped build
Jarod Rhine-Davis
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LGBTQ+ Jews

Jewish individuals including Mathilde Krim, Harvey Milk, Larry Kramer and Magnus Hirschfeld were foundational in building the LGBTQ+ rights movement. (Images: Wikimedia Commons)

Published: 18 May 2026

Last updated: 19 May 2026

On 28 February 2026, hours before Sydney’s Mardi Gras parade, organisers barred the anti-Zionist group Pride in Protest from marching, citing its social-media attacks on Dayenu, Sydney’s Jewish LGBTQ+ group, as a breach of parade terms.

In 2000, on Dayenu’s first Mardi Gras float beneath a glowing Star of David, founder Dawn Cohen told the crowd: ”We bet our lives on you and we won that bet.” Twenty-five years on, the bet looks less certain.

Dayenu, founded in 1999, has marched every year since 2000. In 2024, after Pride in Protest declared Jewish Mardi Gras participants ”proud of genocide and the mass murder of children,” Dayenu marched anyway; a volunteer was hospitalised with an asthma attack when pro-Palestine protesters set off flares on the route.

This year, after the 14 December 2025 Bondi terror attack and a violent pro-Palestine protest at President Herzog’s Sydney visit, Dayenu briefly withdrew from the parade – then marched after talks with police.

The Sydney decision is part of a global pattern intensified since 7 October 2023 – most striking against the history of who built this movement.

A principle, and a history

There is a principle at the centre of queer liberation: identity should never be the price of belonging. The people who built the movement that lives by it were, at every foundational moment, disproportionately Jewish.

On 6 May 1933, three months after Hitler took power, Nazi student activists stormed a villa in Berlin and seized its library. Four days later, SA men joined them to burn the collection on the Opernplatz. The images became some of the most reproduced photographs of the Reich’s early cultural destruction. Most people who have seen them do not know what was burning.

It was the library of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, founded in 1919 by Magnus Hirschfeld, a Jewish physician. The Institute was the first clinic to perform gender-confirming surgeries and to issue transgender identification cards. Hirschfeld had co-founded the first sustained gay rights organisation in 1897. His Jewish staff, queer and straight alike, pioneered the protocols that made medical transition possible. The Nazis branded queer culture a ”Jewish conspiracy”; gay Jewish prisoners in the camps wore a pink triangle on a yellow star, both identities persecuted as one.

The idea that gender might be more than binary is older than the West: the Mishnah and Talmud identify six categories of sex and gender, not two. In 1322, the Provençal Jewish poet Kalonymus ben Kalonymus wrote a Hebrew lament – in Rabbi Steven Greenberg’s translation – as the prayer of a trans person assigned male at birth: ”Father in heaven, who would then turn me from a man to a woman?”

In Amsterdam, the half-Jewish Sephardic conductor Frieda Belinfante joined the Dutch resistance forging identity cards for hunted Jews. Her comrade Willem Arondeus – a gay non-Jewish artist who died defending his Jewish neighbours – was executed by firing squad in 1943. His final words: "Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards." The solidarity was bidirectional, and old.

The postwar movement

In 1957 the US government fired Franklin Kameny, a Jewish Harvard-trained astronomer, for being gay. His petition was the first claim based on sexual orientation to reach the US Supreme Court. 'Homophobia' was coined in 1965 by another Jewish American, the straight psychotherapist George Weinberg, naming what was being done to his queer patients. In 1973, Kameny’s Jewish allies inside the American Psychiatric Association – Robert Spitzer among them, also straight – led the coalition that removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.

Harvey Milk, raised in a kosher home in Woodmere, New York, said: "Jews know we can’t allow discrimination – if for no other reason than we might be on that list someday." Elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1977, he was shot dead at City Hall the following November.

When AIDS began killing gay men in 1981, Larry Kramer – Jewish, from Bridgeport, Connecticut – convened the meetings that founded the Gay Men’s Health Crisis. He co-founded ACT UP in 1987 and titled his 1989 essay collection Reports from the Holocaust.

Mathilde Krim was born Catholic in Italy. At eighteen, after watching newsreels of the liberated Nazi camps, she joined the Zionist underground and converted to Judaism. In 1983 she co-founded amfAR – choosing, as an adult, the identity the camps had tried to exterminate, and using it to fight another persecution. The Silence = Death poster, by Avram Finkelstein in 1986, reclaimed the Nazi pink triangle for AIDS activism.

The legal architecture of marriage equality was largely the work of Evan Wolfson, the Jewish lawyer whose 1983 Harvard Law thesis proposed it and whose Freedom to Marry campaign won Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015.

A people 0.2 per cent of the world’s population, appearing at nearly every foundational moment. None of this is coincidence: a tradition shaped by exile teaches certain habits – distrust of received categories, solidarity with the cast-out.

The exclusion

This did not begin on 8 October 2023. Four years earlier, AUJS political affairs director Josh Kirsh told SBS The Feed: ”Queer Jews aren’t any less queer because of their political views. When you say to queer people that you’re not welcome in safe spaces for having particular views, you defeat the purpose.” October 7 changed the restraint, not the dynamic.

At the Chicago Dyke March in June 2017, three Jewish women were ejected for carrying Pride flags with a Star of David in the centre. Eleanor Shoshany-Anderson, one of the ejected women, said: ”My overwhelming feeling is a sense of hurt at being excluded from my community for nothing more than having a Jewish symbol.”

On 30 October 2024, ILGA World – the global LGBTQ+ peak body – suspended The Aguda, Israel’s oldest LGBTQ+ organisation, over its bid to host the 2026 World Conference in Tel Aviv. Rabbi Jill Jacobs of T’ruah, a critic of Israeli policy, wrote: ”This action does nothing to stop the war or protect the rights of LGBTQ people, including Palestinians. It only punishes people fighting for safety and equality.” The suspension was lifted a year later, but the precedent – exclusion for being Israeli – had been set.

A June 2025 survey by A Wider Bridge – the bridge between American and Israeli LGBTQ+ communities for 15 years – found 82 per cent of LGBTQ+ Jews had been expelled or harassed online over their Jewishness. It closed in December 2025.

A note in good faith: Jewish institutional life is still working out its own relationship to queer inclusion. Aleph Melbourne was refused entry to the JCCV in 1999 when Orthodox synagogues threatened to quit. But in 2019 – four years before October 7 – the JCCV became the first Jewish communal organisation in the world to apologise to LGBTQIA+ people. The Jewish reckoning is in motion. The queer reckoning, on this question, is not.

The most common counterargument: the exclusion is not of Jews but of Zionists, and Zionism is a political position, not an ethnic one.

In principle, this is correct. In practice, the tests at the door do not distinguish. The Chicago marchers were not asked about the 1967 borders. ILGA did not poll The Aguda’s members. The category being excluded is a symbol of Jewish peoplehood – a Star of David, the name of an Israeli city – and the queer Jewish community has never been politically united on Israel.

A movement that cannot hold two moral questions at once – that cannot oppose civilian suffering in Gaza and the ejection of Jewish women from a dyke march – has misunderstood what a coalition is for. To exclude the descendants of those who built it, for being who they are, is the movement turning against its own foundation.

The view from here

I am not writing as a historian. I direct Jewmos, a Melbourne LGBTQIA+ Jewish community group, and am preparing evidence for the Royal Commission on Antisemitism. In our March 2026 member survey, eight in 10 respondents had withdrawn from queer spaces; eight in 10 had experienced antisemitism at queer events; every respondent named far-left communities as the most concerning antisemitic source.

In April 2025, a Jewmos member named Ryan was followed down Fitzroy Street, St Kilda, by a woman who called: ”You gotta get that chip off your shoulder – your Jewish chip and your gay chip. You’re not entitled to everything.” Both identities, on the Midsumma route. Another member: ”I have had to stop talking about anything to do with being Jewish in my favourite LGBT space.”

The pattern this article describes is, for me, the substance of my inbox.

The cup

In Jewish tradition, at Passover, a cup of wine is placed on the table for Elijah. The door is opened. The cup waits. The work is unfinished; the response to incompleteness is preparation.

The Jews who built this movement – straight and queer alike – did so in the hope the table would be large enough for everyone. Twenty-five years ago, Dawn Cohen said her people had bet their lives on this movement and won. The bet is now being un-won by the very movement she trusted.

The cup is still on the table. The door is still open.

Identity should never be the price of belonging. That was the principle. It is still the principle. It is not yet too late to remember it.

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About the author

Jarod Rhine-Davis

Jarod Rhine-Davis

Jarod Rhine-Davis is a Melbourne-based Jewish LGBTQ+ community leader and founder of Jewmos, a grassroots initiative creating spaces for queer Jews to connect, celebrate, and explore identity. Through his work, he advocates for inclusion and belonging at the intersection of Jewish and LGBTQ+ life. He works at The Jewish Independent, helping produce community events.

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Comments5

  • Avatar of Jarod Rhine-Davis

    Jarod Rhine-Davis6 July at 06:41 am

    2 of 2

    Polari Slang: Infused theatrical Yiddish into Polari, the secret coded language used by underground queer people to safely communicate in public spaces.

    Brenda Howard: Known as the “Mother of Pride”, she coordinated the first anniversary march after the Stonewall Riots and organised the week-long festival that created the modern blueprint for “Pride Month”.

    Adrienne Rich: Coined “Compulsory Heterosexuality”, defining heterosexuality as a socially enforced political institution rather than a passive biological default.

    Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick: Mapped the “Epistemology of the Closet”, proving the closet is a structural system of societal power used to regulate and marginalise queer people.

    Judith Butler: Coined “Gender Performativity”, proving gender is an active social script performed through daily actions, not a fixed biological truth.

    Leslie Feinberg: Authored Transgender Warriors, popularizing the word “Transgender” as an inclusive, umbrella political term rather than a purely clinical or medical diagnosis.

    (Fun Fact: If you look up ‘Queer theory’ on Wikipedia, there are photos of two Jews at the top).

  • Avatar of Jarod Rhine-Davis

    Jarod Rhine-Davis6 July at 06:29 am

    1 of 2

    Thank you for reading and engaging with my essay. As an addendum to the above, several foundational concepts in modern queer theory and vocabulary were shaped by Jewish thinkers and artists:

    Dr Albert Moll: Developed “Differentiation of the Sexual Impulse”, proving attraction and procreation are separate urges, medically validating non-reproductive queer love.

    Dr Magnus Hirschfeld: Coined “Transvestite” and “Sexual Intermediaries”, establishing the first scientific models showing gender and sexuality exist on a fluid spectrum.

    Susan Sontag: Defined “Camp”, intellectualising the underground theatrical aesthetic of artifice and exaggeration that defines modern drag and pop culture.

    Dr George Weinberg: Coined “Homophobia”, flipping the script by declaring that anti-gay bias—not homosexuality itself—was the actual psychological disorder.

  • Avatar of Jeremie Bracka

    Jeremie Bracka5 July at 02:00 pm

    Brilliant piece, Jarrod. And your historical tour de force on the extraordinary contribution of Jews to the gay rights movement is essential reading. Thank you for giving voice to the experience of so many progressive rainbow Jews. We should never feel compelled to choose between our Jewish and queer identities. Your essay is a powerful reminder that, even in difficult times, we must continue to fill our cup and leave the door open

  • Avatar of Michael Barnett

    Michael Barnett2 July at 01:50 pm

    You write “the JCCV became the first Jewish communal organisation in the world to apologise to LGBTQIA+ people”. It’s worth noting the apology was far from spontaneous.

  • Avatar of Gregg Segal

    Gregg Segal1 June at 09:35 am

    Great article Jarod.