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Opinion

Pesach in the face of Putin, women Vs male tyrants, Jewishness and ritual

Ralph Genende
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Published: 8 April 2022

Last updated: 4 March 2024

RABBI RALPH GENENDE: The four questions for children at Seder are a springboard for how we should be interrogating each other in today's chaotic world

I LOVE A GOOD question. It challenges the mind, it stimulates sensitivity, it opens the doors of perception. A fine question is always better than a mediocre answer.

The Yiddish expression puts it that you don’t die from questions. While that is true in a civil society, questioning authority and power can be dangerous. Think Russia, China, North Korea or Myanmar.

Jewish tradition has always savoured the quality of a questing question. In fact, the Hebrew word for wisdom, chochma, is a play on the words koach mah, which mean the power of what and why. Jews love to question and challenge; this has shaped the Jewish intellectual pursuit and our contribution to civilisation.

We are currently in the Jewish season of questioning. During the Hebrew month of Nissan in which the Passover/Pesach festival will fall, we ask ourselves questions about how we can best be prepared for the springtime festival (in Israel), how we can properly prepare our homes and our kitchens, our souls and ourselves for the eight-day celebration.


On the first night of the festival, we will sit around the table with our families and enjoy a sumptuous meal and a stupendous discussion. Questions are integral to the evening – we encourage children and adults to participate in this form of Socratic dialogue.

 The famous section for kids in the Haggadah is premised on questions – the fabled quartet (Mah Nishtana): How and why is this night different from all others?

The four questions are a springboard for the unexpected and contemporaneous ways we should be interrogating the text and each other.

This year, these are four of the questions I will be asking:

What’s the point of Pesach in the face of Putin?

I will argue that Pesach is about the confrontation with tyranny, that Pharaoh was a ruthless autocrat who believed only in power and ego – he saw himself as the great Ra, the Sun God. Despite his allegiance to the sun, he liked nothing better than, as DH Lawrence once said, to “put out the sun in other people’s lives”.  

The Exodus was a revolutionary challenge of this ideology and a recognition that authoritarianism is predicated on the capacity of a despot to sell his lie to those around him and garner their support; despotic rulers are supported by allies, elites and bureaucrats.  

Pulitzer Prize winner Anne Applebaum has written a short but profound analysis of the allure of authoritarianism today and how it threatens our democratic societies. She contends that its radically simple beliefs are inherently appealing in an age of anxiety and disruption.

The Jews gifted to the world the counter ideology that freedom is the right of every individual, that you need to constantly fight to preserve it. That’s the point of Pesach, Mr Putin.

Why does Pesach still inform Jewishness today?

This may be the most relevant of festivals because it reminds us of our responsibility as a people to promote freedom.

We remember we were slaves in Egypt, and this opens our hearts to the outsider. At seder time we start the evening with an invitation to the disenfranchised, we remember how Moses burned with indignation for the dispossessed, we are awed at the birth of social consciousness on the banks of the River Nile. 

We should focus on how we can make this evening and our lives more inclusive of the other, especially our LGBTI community, those with disability, refugees and migrants …

And we think of how women have been sidelined through history.

Are women stronger than male tyrants?

Well, the rabbis say, without the brave women of the Exodus generation there would have been no exodus. The midwives stood up to Pharaoh with monumental chutzpah, refusing his orders to kill the boy babies.

His own daughter defied her father to save a Jewish child who she called Moses, and the sister of this baby, Miriam, acted with blinding boldness to save her brother and secure a future for the Jewish people, if not the world.

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks wrote that “hope is the narrow bridge across which we must walk if we are to pass from slavery to redemption. That hope is more likely to come from women (the bearers of new life) than men, said the sages.

These are profound and powerful ideas, but how do we translate them into action?

What’s the point of ritual in a riotous world?

The genius of Judaism lies in its recognition that ethics need to be systematised, that ideas need to be implemented through actions. That is why Pesach is the most detailed and practical of our festivals. It grapples with big ideas of freedom, identity, community, faith and history.

It helps us enact these ideas with a myriad of tiny actions or rituals on seder night such as eating matzo, the bread of freedom, tasting the bitterness of slavery with sharp herbs, and savouring the sweet tang of freedom by drinking four glasses of wine.

These questions are relevant not only for Jewish people but for all of us as children of humanity. Curiosity should lead us to compassion, questioning can and should direct us to positive action.

Albert Einstein is reputed to have said: "The most important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existence."

So in this season of seeking, let’s be sure to dig deep into our hearts and probe meaningfully into our heads so that we continue to find and formulate the best questions for the future of our troubled planet.

Illustration: Avi Katz

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About the author

Ralph Genende

Ralph Genende

Rabbi Ralph Genende is the Interfaith and Community Liaison at the Australia Israel and Jewish Affairs Council. He is also Senior Rabbi to the Australian Defence Force and Rabbi of Kehilat Kesher Community.

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